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Enhanced early visual processing in response to snake and trypophobic stimuli.

Jan W Van Strien1, Manja K Van der Peijl2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000, DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vanstrien@essb.eur.nl.

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Summary

Trypophobia, an aversion to hole clusters, and images of snakes or poisonous animals trigger early visual attention. This suggests these stimuli may represent ancestral threats with survival value.

Keywords:
EEG/ERP, early posterior negativity (EPN)EvolutionPhylogenetic fearSnake detectionTrypophobia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Trypophobia is characterized by an aversion to clusters of holes.
  • The neural underpinnings of trypophobia are not fully understood.
  • Early visual processing may be involved in the response to trypophobic stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if trypophobic stimuli elicit an augmented early posterior negativity (EPN) response.
  • To compare the EPN response to trypophobic stimuli with responses to other potentially threatening images.
  • To explore the relationship between trypophobia severity and neural responses.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four participants completed a trypophobia questionnaire.
  • Participants viewed rapid serial presentations of trypophobic images, poisonous animal images, snake images, and bird images.
  • Early posterior negativity (EPN) was measured at occipital electrodes between 225-300 ms post-stimulus onset.

Main Results:

  • The EPN was significantly larger for snake images compared to other image categories.
  • Trypophobic and poisonous animal images elicited a larger EPN than bird images.
  • A significant negative correlation was found between trypophobia questionnaire scores and EPN amplitudes for trypophobic images.

Conclusions:

  • The EPN findings suggest that snakes, trypophobic stimuli, and poisonous animals automatically capture early visual attention.
  • This heightened attention supports the evolutionary perspective that trypophobia may be linked to ancestral threats and survival.
  • The spectral composition of stimuli may influence the observed EPN responses.