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Related Experiment Videos

Annular protrusion: pathophysiology and roentgenographic appearance.

P Kambin1, J E Nixon, A Chait

  • 1Graduate Hospital Disc Treatment and Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Spine
|June 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine are linked to annular protrusion. This study found a direct correlation between disc degeneration, annular bulge size, and disc space narrowing in patients and cadavers.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Symptomatic low-back pain is often associated with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine.
  • The relationship between spinal degeneration and annular protrusion requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the relationship between lumbar spine degeneration and annular protrusion.
  • To correlate the degree of degeneration with the extent of annular protrusion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of plain roentgenograms and CT scans in 100 patients with low-back pain.
  • Radiographic and dissection study of lumbar spinal units from 25 fresh cadavers.
  • Grading of intervertebral disc degeneration and measurement of the annular/vertebral diameter ratio (A/V index).

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Main Results:

  • Grade II and III degeneration showed a statistically higher A/V index (1.30) compared to normal discs (1.12).
  • Cadaver dissections revealed annular fiber tearing and nuclear fragment migration in degenerated discs.
  • A direct correlation was observed between annular bulge size (A/V index) and disc space narrowing.

Conclusions:

  • Annular protrusion is an integral component of the lumbar spine degeneration process.
  • Radiographic assessment of the A/V index can indicate the extent of degeneration and protrusion.