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Updated: Feb 11, 2026
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Quantitative Autonomic Testing
Published on: July 19, 2011
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Secondary (Symptomatic) Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgia.
1Department of Neurology, GB Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology
|May 4, 2018
Summary
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are rare headaches. This review analyzes secondary causes of TACs, distinguishing them from primary forms and examining recent case studies.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Headache Medicine
Background:
- Primary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are uncommon headache disorders.
- Diagnosis relies on the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3β criteria.
- Secondary (symptomatic) TACs present with indistinguishable headache features.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically analyze existing literature on secondary TACs.
- To review newly published cases from 2015-2017.
- To differentiate secondary TACs from primary forms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias.
- Analysis of structural and other pathologies associated with secondary TACs.
- Inclusion of recent case reports (2015-2017).
Main Results:
- Numerous structural and other pathologies have been identified in patients with secondary TACs.
- These pathologies can be causally linked to the headache symptoms.
- Recent literature highlights ongoing discoveries in secondary TACs.
Conclusions:
- Secondary TACs require careful investigation to identify underlying pathologies.
- Distinguishing secondary from primary TACs is crucial for appropriate management.
- Continued research is essential for understanding and treating these complex headache disorders.
Keywords:
Cluster-like headachesecondary cluster headachesecondary hemicrania continuasecondary paroxysmal hemicraniasecondary short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing/short-lasting unilateral headache attacks with autonomic featuressecondary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgiassymptomatic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
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