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Groundwater vulnerability assessment in karstic aquifers using COP method.

Somayeh Bagherzadeh1, Nasrollah Kalantari2, Amir Fadaei Nobandegani3

  • 1Department of Hydrogeology, Ab Ati Pazhooh Consulting Engineers Company, Shiraz, IR, Iran.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
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Summary

Protecting karst aquifers is vital for safe drinking water. The COP method, using geological layers, flow, and precipitation, identified highly vulnerable areas in the northwest and west, guiding protection efforts.

Keywords:
GISGroundwaterKarstic aquiferVulnerability

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrogeology
  • Environmental Science
  • Water Resource Management

Background:

  • Access to safe drinking water is a key development indicator, with water scarcity posing significant challenges.
  • Karst aquifers are crucial global groundwater sources, necessitating protection from contamination.
  • Assessing intrinsic groundwater vulnerability is essential for proactive water resource management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the intrinsic vulnerability of karst aquifers to contamination using the COP method.
  • To identify and map regions prone to groundwater pollution for targeted protection strategies.
  • To analyze the sensitivity of the vulnerability model and validate findings.

Main Methods:

  • Employed the COP (Component, Overlying layers, Precipitation) method to evaluate intrinsic aquifer vulnerability.
  • Utilized Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) for factor preparation and mapping.
  • Validated model results using electrical conductivity and discharge time series of regional springs.

Main Results:

  • Identified significant portions of the region as having high (38.2%) and very high (6.2%) vulnerability, particularly in western and northwestern areas.
  • Low vulnerability areas were found in the east (15.6%), with moderate vulnerability covering the northeast and southeast (40%).
  • Flow concentration (C factor) was determined to be the most influential parameter in the vulnerability assessment.

Conclusions:

  • The COP method effectively identifies vulnerable zones in karst aquifers, enabling focused conservation efforts.
  • The study highlights the critical need for managing activities in highly vulnerable western and northwestern karst regions.
  • Model validation confirmed the reliability of the vulnerability map for informing water resource protection policies.