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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
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Rheumatoid Meningitis: A Case Review.

Angela M Parsons1, Leslie A Zuniga1, Joseph M Hoxworth2,3

  • 1Department of Neurology.

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Summary

Rheumatoid meningitis (RM), a rare rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complication, can cause seizures. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids or immunomodulatory therapy are crucial for managing this serious neurological condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid meningitis (RM) is a rare but serious complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • RM can manifest across various stages of RA, including well-controlled disease.
  • Neurological presentations of RM are diverse and can be challenging to diagnose.

Observation:

  • A patient with a 30-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presented with new-onset seizures.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed leptomeningeal and pachymeningeal enhancement.
  • The clinical presentation and imaging findings led to a diagnosis of RM.

Findings:

  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in RM is often nonspecific, showing lymphocytic or, atypically, neutrophilic pleocytosis.
  • MRI findings commonly include leptomeningeal and pachymeningeal enhancement, with potential parenchymal involvement.
  • Meningeal biopsy is typically required for definitive diagnosis of RM.

Implications:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of RM are critical due to its high mortality rate.
  • Treatment strategies for RM include high-dose corticosteroids and/or immunomodulatory therapy.
  • Long-term follow-up with radiologic surveillance is essential for monitoring treatment response and disease resolution.