Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Labor Management Through Electromyometrial Imaging for Understanding Uterine Contractions
Published on: May 26, 2023
Nonmedically Indicated Induction of Labor Compared with Expectant Management in Nulliparous Women Aged 35 Years or
Tetsuya Kawakita1, Katherine Bowers2, Jane C Khoury2,3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
Objective:
This article compares maternal and neonatal outcomes in women aged ≥ 35 years who experienced nonmedically indicated induction of labor (NMII) versus expectant management.
Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of nulliparas aged ≥ 35 years with a singleton and cephalic presentation who delivered at term. Outcomes were compared between women who underwent NMII at 37, 38, 39, and 40 weeks' gestation and those with expectant management that week. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated, controlling for predefined covariates.
Results:
Of 3,819 nulliparas aged ≥ 35 years, 1,409 (36.9%) women underwent NMII. Overall at 39 weeks' gestation or later, maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar or improved with NMII. At 37, 38, and 39 weeks' gestation, NMII compared with expectant management was associated with decreased odds of cesarean delivery at 37, 38, and 39 weeks' gestation. At 40 weeks' gestation, NMII compared with expectant management was associated with an increased odds of operative vaginal delivery and a decreased odds of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.
Conclusion:
In nulliparous women aged ≥ 35 years, NMII was associated with decreased odds of cesarean delivery at 37 to 39 weeks' gestation and decreased odds of NICU admission at 40 weeks' gestation compared with expectant management.
More Related Videos
14:43A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
Published on: January 12, 2018
07:25In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis
Published on: May 4, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Expected Value
Determination of Expected Frequency
Aging
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Expected Frequencies in Goodness-of-Fit Tests
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues