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D P Borges1, A W A Santos1, S M M Magalhaes2
1Post-Graduate program in Medical Science, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Abstract:
Severely immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for uncommon infectious diseases with atypical presentations. Fusarium sp., has been reported in patients with hematological malignancies and prompt diagnosis is necessary due to high mortality. We report a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient who presented Fusarium solani infection associated with granulocytic sarcoma as an initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation. We performed histological examination, immunohistochemistry analysis, culture of the biopsy tissue and DNA sequencing to make a conclusive diagnosis of F. solani and granulocytic sarcoma, reinforcing the necessity of performing complete evaluation of skin lesions in immunocompromised patients.
Insights
This case report details a rare Fusarium solani infection in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient, presenting as granulocytic sarcoma, an initial sign of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. Early skin lesion evaluation is crucial for immunocompromised individuals.
Area of Science:
- Medical Mycology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Severely immunocompromised patients face risks of unusual infections with atypical presentations.
- Fusarium species infections are documented in hematological malignancy patients, often with high mortality requiring prompt diagnosis.
Observation:
- A case study of a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patient is presented.
- The patient exhibited Fusarium solani infection manifesting as a granulocytic sarcoma, which was the initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation.
Findings:
- Histological examination, immunohistochemistry, tissue culture, and DNA sequencing confirmed Fusarium solani infection and granulocytic sarcoma.
- The findings highlight an uncommon presentation of invasive fungal infection and malignancy progression.
Implications:
- Emphasizes the critical need for thorough evaluation of all skin lesions in immunocompromised patients.
- Suggests that cutaneous manifestations can be early indicators of serious underlying conditions like AML transformation in MDS patients.
- Underscores the importance of multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches for rare fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts.