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Making Epidermal Bladder Cells Bigger: Developmental- and Salinity-Induced Endopolyploidy in a Model Halophyte
Bronwyn J Barkla1, Timothy Rhodes2, Kieu-Nga T Tran3
1Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales 2480, Australia bronwyn.barkla@scu.edu.au.
Plant Physiology
|May 5, 2018
Summary
Plant endopolyploidy, the increase in cell DNA content without division, enhances salt tolerance. Higher ploidy levels in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum epidermal bladder cells under salinity stress aid sodium sequestration and cell expansion.
Area of Science:
- Plant biology
- Cell biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Endopolyploidy, DNA replication without cell division, generates variable cell ploidy levels within plant tissues.
- While crucial for plant growth, endopolyploidy's role in abiotic stress response is less understood.
- The halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum offers a model for studying stress-induced ploidy changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the function of ploidy level, nuclear size, and cell size in leaf development and expansion in M. crystallinum.
- To determine the impact of salinity stress on cell type-specific ploidy, particularly in epidermal bladder cells (EBCs).
- To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying salinity-induced ploidy alterations in EBCs.
Main Methods:
- Tracking cell type-specific ploidy levels during leaf development and under salinity stress.
- Measuring nuclear and cell size in epidermal bladder cells (EBCs).
- Performing transcriptome analysis to identify salinity-responsive genes in EBCs.
Main Results:
- Ploidy levels increase with leaf expansion, reaching up to 512C in M. crystallinum EBCs.
- Salinity stress significantly elevates ploidy levels in EBCs, with spatial variations observed on the leaf and stem.
- Transcriptome analysis reveals salinity-induced changes in genes related to DNA replication, cell cycle, endoreduplication, and trichome development.
Conclusions:
- Increased cell size and ploidy in M. crystallinum under salinity stress enhance salt tolerance.
- Higher ploidy likely contributes to increased sodium sequestration capacity via greater metabolic activity and cell enlargement.
- Endopolyploidy is a key adaptive mechanism for halophytes facing environmental stress.
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