Glomerular Disease in Women.

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Reproductive Medicine
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Glomerular diseases exhibit significant gender-based prevalence variations.
• Preeclampsia, a uniquely gender-specific condition, is likely the most common glomerular disease globally, often underestimated by histological data.
• Glomerular disease poses risks to fertility through disease activity, treatments like cyclophosphamide, and chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the multifaceted impact of glomerular diseases on female reproductive health.
• To review fertility preservation strategies, contraception, and pregnancy management in women with glomerular conditions.
• To discuss the safety of medications and long-term prognosis considering gender and pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on glomerular diseases, gender, fertility, and pregnancy.
• Analysis of diagnostic challenges for preeclampsia in pregnant women with pre-existing hypertension and proteinuria.
• Examination of renal biopsy utility and novel angiogenic biomarkers in pregnancy.

Main Results:

• Glomerular diseases affect fertility via disease activity, cyclophosphamide use, and CKD.
• Pregnancy in women with glomerular disease increases risks, including preeclampsia, with diagnostic complexities.
• Contraceptive options, fertility preservation, and drug safety are critical considerations.

Conclusions:

• Gender and pregnancy significantly influence the course and prognosis of glomerular diseases.
• Comprehensive reproductive health management, including contraception and fertility preservation, is essential for women with glomerular disease.
• Further research into diagnostic biomarkers and safe therapeutic strategies is warranted.