Classical swine fever in India: current status and future perspective

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Animal Epidemiology
• Disease Economics

Background:

• Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting swine globally, causing significant economic losses.
• In India, CSF outbreaks are frequent, particularly in the northeast, yet the disease remains underestimated.
• The virus impacts pigs and wild boars of all ages, leading to diverse clinical presentations and severe economic consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the economic impact and epidemiology of CSF in India over the last two decades.
• To analyze the circulation and emergence of CSF virus genotypes in and around India.
• To identify constraints in CSF disease control and emphasize the need for improved diagnostics and eradication measures.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on economic impact, epidemiology, and molecular characterization of CSF virus.
• Analysis of temporal and spatial occurrence of CSF outbreaks in India.
• Examination of existing control strategies and diagnostic capabilities.

Main Results:

• CSF poses a substantial economic threat to India's piggery industry through mortality and trade restrictions.
• Recent decades show significant CSF outbreaks across India, with specific genotype circulations noted.
• Existing control measures are hampered by a lack of rapid, sensitive diagnostics and effective prophylactics.

Conclusions:

• There is an urgent need for rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests for early CSF detection in India.
• Effective prophylactics and enhanced control strategies are crucial for the development of the Indian piggery industry.
• Addressing CSF requires a comprehensive approach, including updated knowledge on disease status and targeted interventions.