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Criminal responsibility: Meta-analysis and study space.

Lauren E Kois¹, Preeti Chauhan²

¹University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.

Behavioral Sciences & the Law

|May 5, 2018

Summary

This meta-analysis reveals that factors like older age, female sex, education, and unemployment correlate with insanity defense. Study design significantly impacts these criminal responsibility findings.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Psychology
Legal Psychology
Psycholegal Studies

Background:

Correlates of criminal responsibility (CR) outcomes show inconsistencies across studies.
Discrepancies may stem from variations in sample selection, operational definitions of insanity, and other unknown factors.
Systematic literature assessment is crucial for guiding future research in this domain.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct the first meta-analysis and study space analysis of criminal responsibility correlates.
To systematically consolidate and assess existing literature on factors associated with CR outcomes.
To identify gaps and provide empirical analysis to guide future research.

Main Methods:

A meta-analysis was performed on 15 studies, encompassing 19,500 cases.
Study space analysis was conducted on 7 studies to assess literature characteristics.
Inclusion criteria ensured relevant psycholegal cases were analyzed.

Main Results:

Older age, female sex, higher educational attainment, and unemployment were associated with findings of insanity.
Individuals found insane more frequently had psychiatric histories and psychotic disorders.
Insanity findings were linked to fewer prior criminal histories but more prior findings of incompetence to stand trial.
Crucially, study design characteristics influenced nearly all summary effects.

Conclusions:

This comprehensive analysis provides empirical insights into criminal responsibility correlates.
Study design is a significant moderator of findings related to insanity defense.
A notable lack of literature exists concerning theoretically important variables, highlighting a need for future research.