Spectrum of renal disease in HIV-infected children: report of five cases

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Karalanglin Tiewsoh1, Ankur Kumar Jindal1, Dhrubajyoti Sharma1

  • 1a Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre , PGIMER , Chandigarh , India.

Paediatrics and International Child Health
|May 5, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Literature on kidney diseases in Asian children with HIV is scarce. This case series details five children with HIV and diverse renal pathologies, including HIV-associated nephropathy and childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • HIV Medicine

Background:

  • Limited data exists on renal diseases in HIV-infected children in Asian countries.
  • HIV infection can affect various kidney structures, including glomeruli, interstitium, and tubules.

Observation:

  • This case series reports on five HIV-infected children presenting with diverse renal pathologies.
  • Pathologies observed included HIV-associated nephropathy, collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubule-interstitial nephritis, minimal change disease (MCD), and childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN).

Findings:

  • The study highlights a range of renal manifestations in pediatric HIV cases.
  • One case met the criteria for childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), underscoring complex renal involvement.

Implications:

  • Early screening for renal disease in all HIV-infected children is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.
  • Understanding these diverse renal pathologies can improve patient outcomes and guide further research in the region.

Keywords:
ATN, acute tubular necrosisCollapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosisEULAR/PRINTO/PRES, European League Against Rheumatism/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation/Paediatric Rheumatology European SocietyHIV-associated nephropathyHIVAN, HIV-associated nephropathyHVICK, HIV immune complex kidney diseaseNACO, National AIDS Control OrganizationNGAL, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalinNHL, non-Hodgkin lymphomaPAH, pulmonary artery hypertensionPAN, polyarteritis nodosaTIN, tubule-interstitial nephritiscART, combination anti-retroviral therapyeGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rateinterstitial nephritisminimal change diseasenon-Hodgkin lymphomaproteinuria

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