Primary Pleural Inflammatory Pseudotumor in a Child.

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Pathology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Oncology

Background:

• Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a rare, benign lesion.
• While commonly found in the lungs, IPT can occur in various extra-pulmonary sites.
• Primary pleural IPT is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

• A 4-year-old girl presented with respiratory distress attributed to a large pleural effusion.
• Computed tomography identified a significant hypodense, non-enhancing lesion within the left hemithorax.
• Surgical intervention revealed a substantial semisolid pleural collection composed of gelatinous material, with unaffected lung parenchyma.

Findings:

• Histopathological examination demonstrated spindle-shaped cells embedded in an abundant myxoid stroma.
• The resected lesion was consistent with a primary pleural inflammatory pseudotumor.
• The patient experienced a complete recovery post-surgery.

Implications:

• This case highlights primary pleural inflammatory pseudotumor as a rare but significant cause of pediatric pleural effusion.
• Early diagnosis and surgical management are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric thoracic lesions.
• Further research into the etiology and optimal treatment of extra-pulmonary IPTs in children is warranted.