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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Hairpulling causing vision loss: a case report.

Sidharth Puri1, Sarah Madison Duff1, Brett Mueller1

  • 1a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.

Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|May 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subgaleal hematoma (SGH) can rarely extend to the orbit, causing vision loss and orbital compartment syndrome. Prompt ophthalmic evaluation is crucial for patients with large SGHs.

Keywords:
Orbital hemorrhagesubgaleal hematoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Trauma Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Subgaleal hematoma (SGH) is a collection of blood between the galea aponeurotica and the periosteum.
  • Orbital involvement secondary to SGH is a rare but serious complication of head trauma.

Observation:

  • A 13-year-old male presented with headache after trauma, initially diagnosed with a contained SGH.
  • Two days later, he developed left eye pain, proptosis, decreased visual acuity, elevated intraocular pressure, and ophthalmoplegia.

Findings:

  • Repeat imaging showed SGH enlargement with subperiosteal extension into the orbit.
  • The patient required emergent lateral canthotomy and cantholysis, followed by surgical drainage of the subperiosteal hematoma.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the potential for SGH to cause orbital compartment syndrome, even with normal coagulation.
  • Ophthalmic evaluation should be considered for patients with large SGHs to prevent vision loss.
  • Early recognition and intervention are critical for managing SGH-induced orbital complications.