Liquid chromatographic ligand-exchange chiral stationary phases based on amino alcohols

Liquid chromatographic ligand-exchange chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been developed for the resolution of racemic compounds, which can be used as bidentate or tridentate ligands. In this paper, we review the development of liquid chromatographic ligand-exchange CSPs based on amino alcohols or their derivatives coated dynamically on octadecylsilica gel or bonded covalently to silica gel and their applications to the resolution of α-amino acids, β-amino acids, α-hydroxycarboxylic acids and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The relationship between the structures of CSPs and chromatographic resolution behaviors is discussed. In particular, a rational approach to the development of improved ligand-exchange CSPs based on amino alcohols derived from α-amino acids is followed.