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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Assessment of Physical Activity Intensity with Accelerometers and Oxygen Consumption
08:45

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Published on: June 20, 2025

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Physical activity and asthma: cause or consequence? A bidirectional longitudinal analysis.

Raisa Cassim1,2, Elasma Milanzi1, Jennifer J Koplin1,2

  • 1Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Heath, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
|May 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physical activity (PA) does not appear to influence the development or persistence of asthma in children and adolescents. This study found no longitudinal link between asthma and PA levels in either direction.

Keywords:
adolescents Cgasthmachild healthphysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric respiratory health
  • Exercise science and public health

Background:

  • Growing interest exists in the connection between physical activity (PA) and asthma management.
  • Previous research is limited by a lack of longitudinal data, creating debate on the causal relationship between asthma and PA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional relationship between asthma and physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents.
  • To determine if asthma leads to lower PA levels or if lower PA levels contribute to the development of asthma.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study involving 4983 children, aged 6 to 14.
  • Biennial data collection on asthma and PA using questionnaires and time use diaries.
  • Cross-lagged structural equation models were employed to analyze the bidirectional associations.

Main Results:

  • No significant longitudinal association was found between physical activity (PA) and incident or current asthma.
  • Asthma status (current or incident) did not predict future physical activity (PA) levels.
  • The study found no evidence of a relationship between asthma and PA in either direction over time.

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that asthma and physical activity (PA) participation are not longitudinally linked in children and adolescents.
  • Physical activity (PA) does not appear to play a significant role in the development or persistence of asthma.