Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 11, 2026
14:43
A Novel Method for Involving Women of Color at High Risk for Preterm Birth in Research Priority Setting
Published on: January 12, 2018
13.5K
Hyperglycemia in Extremely Preterm Infants-Insulin Treatment, Mortality and Nutrient Intakes
Itay Zamir1, Andreas Tornevi2, Thomas Abrahamsson3
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
The Journal of Pediatrics
|May 8, 2018
Summary
Hyperglycemia is common in extremely preterm infants. Insulin treatment may reduce mortality in these infants, suggesting a need for reevaluation of current treatment practices in clinical trials.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Endocrinology
- Pediatric Critical Care
Background:
- Extremely preterm infants often experience hyperglycemia.
- Understanding the factors influencing hyperglycemia and its impact on mortality is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in extremely preterm infants.
- To investigate associations between nutrition, hyperglycemia, insulin treatment, and mortality.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS).
- Included 580 infants born before 27 weeks of gestation.
- Analyzed glucose levels, nutritional intake, insulin treatment, and mortality up to 70 days.
Main Results:
- Daily hyperglycemia prevalence reached up to 30% in the first two postnatal weeks.
- Increased parenteral carbohydrate supply correlated with higher glucose concentrations.
- Hyperglycemia more than doubled the 28-day mortality risk.
- Insulin treatment in hyperglycemic infants was linked to lower mortality.
Conclusions:
- Hyperglycemia is a frequent issue in extremely preterm infants.
- Insulin treatment shows potential for reducing mortality in hyperglycemic infants.
- Further randomized controlled trials are needed to assess hyperglycemia treatment strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Absorption of Nutrients
5.2K
Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
5.2K
01:25Regulation of Water Intake
2.8K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
2.8K
01:30Regulation of Food Intake
2.9K
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
2.9K
01:22Absolute and Local Extreme Values
86
The highest and lowest values of a function, relative to a reference axis, are known as extreme values. These include absolute maximum and absolute minimum values, which represent the highest and lowest points the function reaches across its entire domain. Within a restricted portion of the function, the highest and lowest values are referred to as local maximum and local minimum values, respectively.Periodic functions, such as sine and cosine, show extreme values at infinitely many points due...
86
01:05Insulin Secretory Vesicles
7.0K
Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
7.0K
01:28Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways
3.4K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
3.4K