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Immune complex-mediated glomerulopathy in Marek's disease.

H K Pradhan¹, G C Mohanty, W Y Lee

¹Division of Avian Diseases, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

|September 1, 1988

Summary

Marek's disease virus in chickens causes immune complex glomerulopathy, a kidney disease. This condition, involving immune deposits in the glomeruli, may be a significant cause of mortality in infected birds.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Pathology
Immunology
Avian Diseases

Background:

Marek's disease (MD) is a significant viral infection in chickens.
The pathogenesis of MD-related mortality is not fully understood.
Immune complex-mediated diseases can affect kidney function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence and characteristics of immune complex (IC) deposition in the kidneys of chickens with Marek's disease (MD).
To determine the role of IC-mediated glomerulopathy in MD pathogenesis.
To correlate kidney lesions with tumor development in MDV-infected chickens.

Main Methods:

Fluorescent antibody staining technique using antichicken globulin and antichicken complement.
Histological examination of kidney tissues.
Comparison of IC deposition in tumor-bearing versus non-tumor-bearing MDV-infected birds.

Main Results:

Immune complex (IC) and chicken complement were demonstrated in the glomeruli of MDV-infected chickens.
IC deposition progressed from the glomerular basement membrane to involve the entire glomerulus and mesangial cells.
Kidney lesions included basement membrane thickening and mesangial cell proliferation.
Higher IC deposition was observed in tumor-bearing birds.

Conclusions:

Chickens infected with Marek's disease virus develop immune complex (IC)-mediated glomerulopathy.
IC-mediated glomerulopathy is characterized by IC and complement deposition in renal glomeruli.
This kidney pathology is suggested as a potential major cause of death in Marek's disease.