[Effects of phosphorus fertilizer application methods and types on the yield and phosphorus uptake of winter wheat.]

A field micro-plot experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different placement methods and types of phosphorus (P) fertilizer on winter wheat growth and phosphorus uptake. P fertilizer types included monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). P fertilizer application methods included: 1) surface broadcasting (S); 2) banding 5 cm below seeds (B₀); 3) banding 5 cm below and 3 cm away from seeds (B₃); 4) banding 5 cm below and 10 cm away from seeds (B₁₀); 5) mixing with the 20% of the top soil below seeds (M). The result showed that B₀ had the best effect on increasing yield, reached 7.63 t·hm^-2 in MCP-B₀ and 7.99 t·hm^-2 in DAP-B₀, which increased 10.3% and 10.7%, respectively compared with surface broadcasting. B₁₀ had the lowest grain yield (6.60-6.77 t·hm^-2). The total P uptake by wheat in B₀ and M was at a relatively high level (34.42-35.60 kg·hm^-2), B₁₀ performed worst at all growth stages of wheat, while P uptake of DAP-B₁₀ was 11.9% higher than MCP-B₁₀. These results indicated that concentrating P fertilizer in a short distance near the seeds was an optimized application method for winter wheat in this region, and DAP performed better than MCP on P uptake and utilization of wheat under far banding.