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Teleology and Defining Sex
Nathan K Gamble1, Michal Pruski2,3
1a University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.
Summary
Sex is defined by reproductive orientation, not a single variable. This framework clarifies intersex states, challenging binary classifications and exploring biological and theological perspectives on sex determination.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Genetics
- Philosophy of Science
Background:
- Disorders of sexual differentiation result in intersex states, prompting debate on their classification as male, female, or intermediate.
- Existing definitions of sex are challenged when morphology, genetics, and physiology do not align.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the fundamental definition of biological sex.
- To apply this definition to understand the classification of intersex individuals.
- To explore the biological and teleological aspects of sexual differentiation.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the biology of sexual development.
- Application of a teleological framework to define the meaning of sex.
- Examination of various examples to illustrate the complexity of sex determination.
Main Results:
- Sex is not reducible to a single biological variable.
- The totality of an individual's biology, oriented towards reproduction, defines sex.
- This biological definition provides a framework for understanding intersex states.
Conclusions:
- Intersex individuals are best understood within a framework where sex is defined by reproductive orientation.
- Biological sex determination is a complex interplay of factors, not a singular determinant.
- A theological perspective, specifically Christian, can offer insights into sex and suffering.
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