Selected emergence in the evolution of behavior and cognition

Area of Science:

• Evolutionary biology
• Developmental biology
• Cognitive science

Background:

• A central question in evolutionary developmental biology is whether traits are directly selected for or arise as byproducts.
• The concept of emergence is often used to explain complex phenotypes arising from multiple interacting causes.
• However, emergence can obscure the ultimate evolutionary forces driving trait development.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and explore the concept of "selected emergence" in evolutionary theory.
• To propose a framework that integrates selection history with emergent developmental processes.
• To discuss empirical implications and future research directions for understanding evolved emergent outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis of evolutionary and developmental theories.
• Exploration of the "selected emergence" hypothesis.
• Discussion of potential case studies and empirical strategies.

Main Results:

• Selected emergence offers a nuanced view where phenotypes emerge from a combination of factors, including past selection.
• This framework acknowledges both random influences and the shaping power of natural or cultural selection.
• The study outlines how to empirically investigate the role of selection in emergent phenotypic outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Selected emergence provides a more complete explanation for the evolution of complex traits than traditional emergence alone.
• It bridges the gap between ultimate evolutionary causes and proximate developmental mechanisms.
• Further research is needed to identify and analyze case studies of selected emergence across various domains.