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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

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Published on: November 10, 2023

Carbimazole-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion.

Chris Ferguson¹, Claire Bradley¹, Joe Kidney¹

¹Respiratory Medicine, Mater Hospital, Belfast, UK.

BMJ Case Reports

|May 9, 2018

Summary

A rare drug reaction to carbimazole caused an eosinophilic pleural effusion, initially mimicking other conditions. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of the resulting empyema resolved the effusion.

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Internal Medicine
Clinical Case Study

Background:

Pleural effusions are complex clinical presentations requiring thorough differential diagnosis.
Eosinophilic pleural effusions can be challenging to diagnose, with various potential etiologies.
Drug-induced reactions are an important consideration in unexplained pleural effusions.

Observation:

A 41-year-old woman developed a unilateral exudative pleural effusion with eosinophilia after starting carbimazole.
Initial investigations including imaging and serology were negative, and the effusion persisted.
The effusion later became loculated and acidic, consistent with empyema.

Findings:

Carbimazole was identified as a potential cause of the eosinophilic pleural effusion.

Keywords:

respiratory medicine unwanted effects / adverse reactions

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The patient was treated for empyema with antibiotics and drainage procedures.

Discontinuation of carbimazole and empyema treatment led to resolution of the effusion.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering drug-induced pleural effusions in the differential diagnosis.
It underscores the potential for serious complications like empyema from drug reactions.
Early recognition and management are crucial for favorable outcomes in complex pleural effusions.