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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 11, 2026

Collection and Long-Term Maintenance of Leaf-Cutting Ants Atta in Laboratory Conditions
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Recurrent bridgehead effects accelerate global alien ant spread.

Cleo Bertelsmeier1, Sébastien Ollier2, Andrew M Liebhold3

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; cleo.bertelsmeier@unil.ch Laurent.Keller@unil.ch.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary introductions, not native ranges, drive alien ant invasions. Most interceptions came from already invaded areas, creating a feedback loop that increases global invasion rates.

Keywords:
biological invasionsglobalizationinvasive antspropagule pressuresecondary introductions

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Biological invasions pose significant threats to biodiversity, agriculture, and human health.
  • Understanding invasion drivers is critical for prediction and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze interception data to identify key drivers of biological invasions, specifically focusing on alien ant species.
  • To investigate the role of secondary introductions in the global spread of invasive species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 4,533 border interception records for alien ant species in the United States (1914-1984) and New Zealand (1955-2013).
  • Examination of the origin of intercepted species, distinguishing between native ranges and previously invaded areas.
  • Statistical assessment of the relationship between interception frequency, geographic spread, and establishment probability.

Main Results:

  • Most alien ant interceptions (75.7% in the US, 87.8% in NZ) originated from previously invaded regions, not native ranges.
  • Interceptions were overrepresented from geographically proximate areas (e.g., Latin America to US, Oceania to NZ).
  • Higher interception numbers correlated positively with a species' probability of successful establishment and global spread.

Conclusions:

  • Secondary introductions are a critical driver of increasing global invasion rates.
  • A positive feedback loop exists between introduction, establishment, and secondary spread of invasive species.
  • Focusing on preventing secondary introductions is crucial for managing biological invasions effectively.