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Embitterment in War Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Dzevad Sabic1, Adela Sabic2, Olivera Batic-Mujanovic3,4
1Health Centre Zivinice, Department of Neuropsychiatry Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Summary
Embitterment is common in war veterans experiencing Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study found significantly higher embitterment scores in veterans with PTSD compared to those without.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Trauma Studies
- Mental Health Research
Background:
- Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant mental health concern for war veterans.
- Embitterment, a prolonged reaction to negative life events, may co-occur with PTSD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of embitterment among war veterans diagnosed with PTSD.
- To compare embitterment levels in veterans with and without PTSD.
Main Methods:
- A survey of 174 male war veterans (87 with PTSD, 87 without) was conducted between March 2015 and June 2016.
- The Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTED Scale) was the primary outcome measure.
- Secondary measures included PTSD, depression, anxiety, combat exposure, and quality of life scales.
Main Results:
- Veterans with PTSD exhibited significantly higher mean scores on the PTED Scale (51.41) compared to veterans without PTSD (14.39).
- Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the two groups (t=-21.216, p<0.0001).
Conclusions:
- Embitterment is a frequent and significant issue for war veterans with PTSD.
- Findings highlight the need for addressing embitterment in PTSD treatment for veterans.
Keywords:
BitternessEmbittermentPosttraumatic Embitterment DisorderPosttraumatic Stress DisorderWar VeteransMore Related Videos
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