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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Multi-hole Cryovial Eliminates Freezing Artifacts when Muscle Tissues are Directly Immersed in Liquid Nitrogen
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A REBCO Persistent-Current Switch, Immersed in Solid Nitrogen, Operating at Temperatures near 10 K.

Philip C Michael1, Jiho Lee1, John Voccio2

  • 1MIT Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, USA.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity : a Publication of the IEEE Superconductivity Committee
|May 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We developed a thermally-activated persistent-current switch (PCS) for a no-insulation (NI) double pancake (DP) coil. This switch enables stable operation with a field decay rate below 0.1% per hour.

Keywords:
Conduction coolingREBCO double-pancakeno-insulationpersistent current switchsolid nitrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Superconducting magnet technology
  • High-temperature superconductor applications
  • Cryogenic engineering

Background:

  • No-insulation (NI) winding technique for superconducting coils offers advantages in terms of reduced AC losses and improved stability.
  • Persistent-current switches (PCS) are crucial for enabling stable, long-duration operation of superconducting magnets in persistent mode.
  • Reliable PCS operation is essential for applications requiring long-term energy storage or stable magnetic fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and test a thermally-activated persistent-current switch (PCS) for a no-insulation (NI) double pancake (DP) coil.
  • To evaluate the performance of the PCS in terms of activation power and magnetic field decay rate.
  • To assess the feasibility of using NI DP coils with PCS for quasi-persistent mode operation.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a double pancake (DP) coil using a 120-m long, 76-μm thick REBCO tape with the no-insulation (NI) technique.
  • Immersion of the NI DP coil assembly in solid nitrogen (SN2) and cooling to 10 K using a two-stage cryocooler.
  • Energizing the coil to 630 A and activating the thermally-activated PCS with low heating powers, while measuring field decay.

Main Results:

  • Successful activation of the PCS was confirmed at heating powers below the 1-W design target.
  • The coil assembly demonstrated a magnetic field decay time constant exceeding 900 hours.
  • A field decay rate of less than 0.1% per hour was achieved, limited by the close-out joint resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The thermally-activated PCS is effective for enabling quasi-persistent mode operation of NI DP coils.
  • The demonstrated low field decay rate indicates the potential for long-term stable operation.
  • Further optimization of the close-out joint resistance is recommended to minimize field decay.