Poly(2-oxazoline) Hydrogels: State-of-the-Art and Emerging Applications

The synthesis of poly(2-oxazoline)s has been known since the 1960s. In the last two decades, they have risen in popularity thanks to improvements in their synthesis and the realization of their potential in the biomedical field due to their "stealth" properties, stimuli responsiveness, and tailorable properties. Even though the bulk of the research to date has been on linear forms of the polymer, they are also of interest for creating network structures due to the relatively easy introduction of reactive functional groups during synthesis that can be cross-linked under a variety of conditions. This opinion article briefly reviews the history of poly(2-oxazoline)s and examines the in vivo data on soluble poly(2-oxazoline)s to date in an effort to predict how hydrogels may perform as implantable materials. This is followed by an overview of the most recent hydrogel synthesis methods and emerging applications, and is concluded with a section on the future directions predicted for these fascinating yet underutilized polymers.