Therapeutic Agents Targeting Cardiometabolic Risk for Preventing and Treating Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pharmacology
• Metabolic Diseases

Background:

• Statins are the primary treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD).
• Ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors offer additional risk reduction for high-risk patients.
• Newer glucose-lowering drugs (GLP1R agonists, SGLT2 inhibitors) benefit patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current and emerging therapies for ACVD risk management.
• To discuss novel agents targeting atherogenic lipoproteins.
• To explore the role of anti-inflammatory drugs in ACVD prevention.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing and emerging ACVD therapies.
• Focus on drugs targeting low-density lipoprotein (LDL), remnant-like particles, and lipoprotein(a).
• Inclusion of glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory agents relevant to ACVD.

Main Results:

• Established therapies include statins, ezetimibe, and PCSK9 inhibitors.
• Emerging drugs like inclisiran and bempedoic acid target LDL.
• Agents targeting remnant particles and lipoprotein(a) are under investigation.
• Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs show promise in ACVD risk reduction.

Conclusions:

• A multi-faceted approach is needed for ACVD management in high-risk individuals.
• Novel pharmacological targets are expanding treatment options.
• Further research is crucial for integrating these agents into clinical practice.