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Related Concept Videos

Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions01:17

Esters to Alcohols: Hydride Reductions

4.8K
Esters are reduced to primary alcohols when treated with a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent and proceeds via an aldehyde intermediate.
Lithium aluminum hydride is a source of hydride ions and functions as a nucleophile. The mechanism proceeds in three steps. Firstly, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the carbonyl group re-forms,...
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Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

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Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
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Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction01:17

Carboxylic Acids to Primary Alcohols: Hydride Reduction

5.1K
Carboxylic acids, upon reaction with strong reducing agents such as lithium aluminum hydride followed by hydrolysis, undergo reduction to form primary alcohols.
5.1K
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction01:19

Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction

4.0K
Acid halides are reduced to alcohols in the presence of a strong reducing agent like lithium aluminum hydride.
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...
4.0K
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

75.8K
Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

16.3K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
16.3K

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Housing First for Youth Intervention for Youth Experiencing Homelessness in Canada: Protocol for a Multisite, Mixed Methods Randomized Controlled Trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

High Content Screening Analysis to Evaluate the Toxicological Effects of Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents HPHC
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Commentary: Harm reduction, managed alcohol programs and doing the right thing.

Stephen Gaetz1,2

  • 1Canadian Observatory on Homelessness, Toronto, Canada.

Drug and Alcohol Review
|May 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Harm reduction is essential for supporting homeless individuals with problematic alcohol use. Managed alcohol programs offer a humane, client-centered alternative to traditional services, showing significant value for policy and practice.

Keywords:
harm reductionhomelessnessmanaged alcohol programssubstance use disorders

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A Community-based Stress Management Program: Using Wearable Devices to Assess Whole Body Physiological Responses in Non-laboratory Settings
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Social Work
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Homelessness often intersects with trauma, exclusion, and subsequent problematic substance use.
  • Traditional emergency services may exert excessive control over the lives of homeless individuals.
  • A harm reduction orientation is crucial for effective support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the necessity of harm reduction in supporting homeless individuals with substance use disorders.
  • To highlight the value of managed alcohol programs (MAPs) for problematic alcohol consumption.
  • To discuss the implications of emerging evidence for policy and practice.

Main Methods:

  • Commentary on a special issue focusing on managed alcohol programs.
  • Synthesis of existing literature and program evaluations within the special issue.
  • Discussion of harm reduction principles in the context of homelessness and substance use.

Main Results:

  • Managed alcohol programs provide a humane, respectful, and client-centered approach.
  • These programs are effective in addressing problematic alcohol use among homeless populations.
  • The evidence base for MAPs is growing, supporting their utility.

Conclusions:

  • A harm reduction framework is vital for supporting homeless individuals with substance use issues.
  • Managed alcohol programs represent a valuable and effective intervention.
  • The findings have significant implications for informing policy and improving practice in homeless services.