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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

17.0K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys01:27

Introduction to Surveying, Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveys

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Surveying is the art and science of mapping the earth's surface. It involves measuring distances, angles in horizontal or vertical directions, and levels to understand the shape and size of land features. Surveying techniques are essential for various tasks, such as identifying the levels of a land area with reference to a specific point, and mapping undulations and water bodies.There are two main types of surveying: plane surveys and geodetic surveys. Plane surveys assume the earth is flat,...
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Errors and Mistakes in Surveying01:19

Errors and Mistakes in Surveying

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Errors and mistakes in surveying refer to inaccuracies in measurements and data recording. The errors are deviations from the actual value caused by human sensory limitations, equipment flaws, or environmental effects. These errors are typically unintentional and can result from the inherent imperfections in the instruments used, atmospheric conditions, or the observer’s inability to perceive exact measurements. On the other hand, mistakes are caused by the surveyor's lack of...
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Types of Surveys01:27

Types of Surveys

372
Surveys are essential for marking property boundaries near water bodies. Different types of surveys are defined, each with its own function. Land surveys mark the property boundaries, while route surveys determine the position of properties on nearby highways. Topographic surveys create maps by capturing the three-dimensional features of the land. Hydrographic surveys focus on the shapes of underwater areas and the movement of streams through the properties. Mine surveys determine the relative...
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Survey Safety01:28

Survey Safety

413
Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...
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Topographic Surveying and Contours01:29

Topographic Surveying and Contours

995
Topographic surveying is critical for documenting the Earth's surface, focusing on capturing elevations, slopes, and natural and man-made features. It is essential in construction planning, water resource management, and land-use analysis. The primary outcome of such surveys is a topographic map, which uses contour lines to visually represent the shape and slope of the terrain, providing valuable insights into the landscape's characteristics.Contour lines are fundamental to understanding the...
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Methods for Image-based Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Their Habitat Exemplified by the Drop Camera Survey for the Atlantic Sea Scallop
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Methods for Image-based Surveys of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Their Habitat Exemplified by the Drop Camera Survey for the Atlantic Sea Scallop

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Poaching Detection Technologies-A Survey.

Jacob Kamminga1, Eyuel Ayele2, Nirvana Meratnia3

  • 1Pervasive Systems Group, University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands. j.w.kamminga@utwente.nl.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Poaching has decimated rhino populations. This review surveys technologies for detecting poachers, identifying research needs to protect endangered species from extinction.

Keywords:
anti-poachingconservationintruder detetectionsurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Wildlife conservation
  • Technology and innovation
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • The black rhino population declined by 95% between 1960 and 1990.
  • Rhino poaching remains a critical issue, with one rhino killed every 8 hours in South Africa in 2016.
  • Endangered species, particularly rhinos and elephants, face an escalating poaching crisis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing poaching detection technologies.
  • To identify requirements for effective poacher detection systems.
  • To highlight research challenges in the field of wildlife protection.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of poaching detection technologies across four domains: perimeter-based, ground-based, aerial-based, and animal tagging-based.
  • Discussion of various sensor technologies used in intruder detection systems (radar, acoustic, optic, thermal, seismic, etc.).
  • Analysis of research gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Poaching detection technologies are categorized into four main domains.
  • A wide array of sensor technologies can be employed for intruder detection.
  • Key research challenges and requirements for effective poacher detection have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • Technological solutions are crucial for combating the poaching crisis until demand-side interventions become effective.
  • A continuous need exists for novel, combined approaches to enhance protection against poaching in wildlife areas.
  • Addressing the drivers of demand through education and awareness is the ultimate long-term solution.