Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Profiling Volatile Compounds in Blackcurrant Fruit using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: June 9, 2021
Ferrofluid-based liquid-phase microextraction: Analysis of four phenolic compounds in milks and fruit juices
Dezhi Yang1, Guixiang Li2, Lan Wu3
1Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
Abstract:
A novel liquid-phase microextraction based on the ferrofluid was successfully applied for the extraction and determination of four phenolic compounds (bisphenol-A, bisphenol-AF, tetrabromobisphenol-A and 4-tert-octylphenol) in milks and fruit juices. In this study, a range of alkyl (C4-C10) alcohols as the carrier liquid were used for the preparation of ferrofluids. The study showed that an appropriate chain length of alkyl alcohol may improve the extraction efficiency and maintain the integrity of ferrofluids during extraction, so 1-heptanol (C7) was selected as the optimal carrier liquid. Specifically, the effects of various parameters on the extraction of phenolic compounds were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were between 0.35 and 0.66 μg L-1. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD %) for the analytes at 10 and 50 μg L-1 were in the range of 3.2-6.7 % and 2.9-7.1%, respectively.
Related Concept Videos
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function
Pancreatic Juice and Secretion
When acidic chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, it triggers the release of secretin, a hormone that prompts pancreatic juice secretion. After a fatty meal, cholecystokinin, another hormone, stimulates gallbladder contraction and enhances enzyme-rich...
Phase Diagrams
Phase Transitions
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

