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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Metasurfaces offer unique electromagnetic properties.
  • Backward waves exhibit anti-parallel phase and group velocities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electromagnetic properties of a spiral element metasurface.
  • To experimentally visualize the magnetic field of a left-handed mode.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a planar metallic metasurface with spiral elements.
  • Near-field scanning technique for magnetic field mapping.
  • Fourier transformation of field images.

Main Results:

  • Observation of an isotropic backward wave in a narrow microwave frequency band.
  • Direct visualization of anti-parallel group and phase velocities.
  • Experimental determination of dispersion relation and isofrequency contours.

Conclusions:

  • The spiral metasurface supports a left-handed mode with unique wave propagation characteristics.
  • Near-field mapping provides direct insight into wave dynamics.
  • The study validates theoretical predictions for metasurface behavior.