Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

4.5K
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
The AFM Probe
The probe is regarded as the heart of any AFM setup and comprises the...
4.5K
Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

44.9K
An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
44.9K
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

71.7K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
71.7K
Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

211.1K
Overview
211.1K
Atomic Mass01:52

Atomic Mass

70.4K
Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
70.4K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

30.3K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
30.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Exploring Surface Acoustic Waves (SAWs) for Water Quality Sensor's Anti-Biofouling Application: A New Direction for Acoustic Waves.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

A cryogenic Paul trap for probing the nuclear isomeric excited state <math><mmultiscripts><mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mrow><mn>229</mn> <mtext>m</mtext></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> Th <math><mmultiscripts><mrow></mrow> <mrow></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn> <mo>+</mo></mrow></mmultiscripts></math>.

The European physical journal. D, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics·2025
Same author

Determining the Spectral Requirements for Cyanobacteria Detection for the CyanoSat Hyperspectral Imager with Machine Learning.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Demonstration of a Modular Prototype End-to-End Simulator for Aquatic Remote Sensing Applications.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Laser stabilization to neutral Yb in a discharge with polarization-enhanced frequency modulation spectroscopy.

The Review of scientific instruments·2020
Same author

Direct characterization of a nonlinear photonic circuit's wave function with laser light.

Light, science & applications·2019
Same journal

Spatiotemporal control of myoblast identity drives muscle diversity in the <i>Drosophila</i> leg.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Stellar feedback drives the baryon deficiency in low-mass galaxies.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Antiferroelectric thin films embedded with ferroelectric switching loop for giant negative electrocaloric effect.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Tetraphosphorylated phthalocyanine-based self-assembled monolayer stabilizes perovskite photovoltaics.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Dual-mode analysis of ischemic stroke based on urine SERS spectra and carotid B-ultrasound.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Remote homology and functional genetics unmask deeply preserved Scm3/HJURP orthologs in metazoans.

Science advances·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope
06:45

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.5K

A single-atom 3D sub-attonewton force sensor.

Valdis Blūms1, Marcin Piotrowski1,2, Mahmood I Hussain1

  • 1Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.

Science Advances
|May 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a highly sensitive force sensor using laser-cooled trapped ions. This quantum sensor achieves sub-attonewton force sensitivity, advancing precision measurement capabilities.

More Related Videos

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy
09:48

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 27, 2015

10.9K
Functionalization of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with Single-T Cells or Single-Particle for Immunological Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy
10:06

Functionalization of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with Single-T Cells or Single-Particle for Immunological Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

Published on: July 10, 2019

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope
06:45

Force Spectroscopy of Single Protein Molecules Using an Atomic Force Microscope

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.5K
Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy
09:48

Investigating Single Molecule Adhesion by Atomic Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 27, 2015

10.9K
Functionalization of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with Single-T Cells or Single-Particle for Immunological Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy
10:06

Functionalization of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with Single-T Cells or Single-Particle for Immunological Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

Published on: July 10, 2019

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Atomic physics
  • Metrology

Background:

  • Forces are fundamental to physical interactions, necessitating high-sensitivity measurement techniques.
  • Laser-cooled trapped atomic ions offer a controllable quantum system ideal for precision metrology due to their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel three-dimensional force sensor with sub-attonewton sensitivity.
  • To leverage super-resolution imaging of a single trapped ion for enhanced force detection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a single laser-cooled trapped ion as the sensing element.
  • Employing super-resolution imaging to measure ion displacement in three dimensions with nanometer precision.
  • Detecting forces by quantifying the ion's positional changes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved sub-attonewton force sensitivities: 372 ± 9, 347 ± 18, and 808 ± 51 zN/m.
  • Demonstrated sensitivities significantly exceeding the quantum limit (24×, 87×, and 21×).
  • Successfully measured a 95-zN light pressure force, validating the sensor's performance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed sensor provides unprecedented sensitivity for force measurement.
  • This technique advances the field of precision metrology and quantum sensing.
  • The sensor's ability to measure light pressure forces has implications for optical sensor calibration.