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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Three-electrode Coin Cell Preparation and Electrodeposition Analytics for Lithium-ion Batteries
Published on: May 22, 2018
Long-run in operando NMR to investigate the evolution and degradation of battery cells
Steffen A Kayser1, Achim Mester, Andreas Mertens
1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry (IEK-9), 52425 Jülich, Germany. j.granwehr@fz-juelich.de.
Abstract:
To improve the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries, a detailed understanding of the degradation mechanisms is essential. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is able to unravel the reversible as well as irreversible transient changes of composition, shape and morphology in a battery cell. Using a newly developed cylindrical battery container free of metallic components in combination with a numerically optimized saddle coil, in operando NMR investigations of battery cells over hundreds of charge/discharge cycles are presented. Alternating with NMR data acquisition, electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) can be recorded, which enables correlative analysis of the two techniques. Long-run in operando NMR measurements on a Li metal vs. graphite cell reveal the formation and evolution of mossy and dendritic Li microstructures over a period of 1000 h, which illustrates the capabilities of NMR to identify dendrite mitigation strategies in cells operated under realistic conditions.
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