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Mesenchymal cell differentiation and diseases: involvement of translin/TRAX complexes and associated proteins

Masataka Kasai1,2, Reiko Ishida3, Kazuhiko Nakahara4

  • 1Juntendo University School of Medicine, Atopy Research Center, Tokyo, Japan.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|May 10, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Translin and translin-associated factor X (TRAX) proteins are crucial for DNA replication, cell division, and RNA metabolism. Their dysfunction in translin-deficient mice impacts bone development and marrow failure.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Translin and translin-associated factor X (TRAX) proteins are involved in nucleic acid metabolism.
  • These protein complexes play roles in DNA replication, cell division, and RNA processing, including microRNA pathways.
  • Translin deficiency in mice (Tsn-/-) leads to developmental abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular and cellular functions of translin homo-octamers and translin/TRAX hetero-octamers.
  • To summarize the roles of translin/TRAX in nucleic acid metabolism and cellular processes.
  • To discuss the involvement of translin, TRAX, and associated proteins in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on translin and TRAX proteins.
  • Analysis of existing data on translin/TRAX complex functions.
  • Synthesis of findings related to translin deficiency phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Translin/TRAX complexes are integral to DNA replication and cell division.
  • These complexes are implicated in RNA metabolism, including RNA-induced silencing and microRNA regulation.
  • Translin deficiency causes delayed endochondral ossification and bone marrow failure with aberrant differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Translin and TRAX proteins have diverse molecular and cellular functions.
  • These proteins are critical for normal development and tissue homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of translin/TRAX is associated with pathological conditions affecting bone and hematopoietic systems.
Keywords:
TRAXmesenchymal cell differentiationmiRNA depletiontranslin

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