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Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Emergency Department.

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Youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are up to 30 times more likely to visit the emergency department (ED) for behavioral issues. This highlights a need for better support to reduce unnecessary ED use and improve outcomes for children with ASD.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Healthcare
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Emergency department (ED) utilization by youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a growing concern.
  • Existing literature lacks a comprehensive summary of ED use patterns in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and summarize existing research on emergency department (ED) utilization by youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To identify key characteristics and reasons for ED visits among ASD youth.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from 1985 to 2016.
  • Studies were included if they focused on youth (0-17 years) with ASD and ED services, excluding adult-only or non-stratified results.
  • 12 relevant articles were identified from an initial pool of 332 studies.

Main Results:

  • Youth with ASD were up to 30 times more likely to present to the ED compared to their peers without ASD.
  • ASD youth presenting to the ED were older, more likely to have public insurance, and had a higher proportion of nonurgent visits.
  • Behavioral or psychiatric problems accounted for up to 13% of ED visits for ASD youth, compared to less than 2% for youth without ASD, with externalizing and psychotic symptoms being more common.

Conclusions:

  • Significant gaps exist in the literature regarding ED service use by youth with ASD.
  • Further research is crucial to reduce unnecessary ED utilization and hospitalizations.
  • Improved understanding and targeted interventions can lead to reduced healthcare costs and better outcomes for youth with ASD.