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Related Concept Videos

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Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Force01:06

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Forces affect every moment of our life. Our bodies are held to the Earth by force, and they are held together by the forces of charged particles. When we open a door, walk down a street, lift a fork, or touch a baby's face, we are applying force. Our body's atoms are held together by electrical forces, and the core of an atom, called the nucleus, is held together by the strongest force known to us—nuclear force.
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The equilibrium of a two-force body is a particular case that is often encountered in practical applications. A two-force body is a rigid body that is subjected to only two external forces. For such a body to be in equilibrium, the two forces must have the same magnitude, the same line of action, and the opposite direction.
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High Throughput Traction Force Microscopy Using PDMS Reveals Dose-Dependent Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-&#946; on the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
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Traction Force Screening Enabled by Compliant PDMS Elastomers.

Haruka Yoshie1, Newsha Koushki1, Rosa Kaviani1

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Biophysical Journal
|May 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a high-throughput contractile force screening platform using compliant polydimethylsiloxane to measure cellular traction forces. This method enables efficient drug discovery for diseases involving cell contractility.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Actomyosin contractility generates cellular traction forces, crucial in cell biology and disease.
  • Existing traction force measurement methods are low-throughput, hindering broader applications.
  • Targeting cellular forces offers therapeutic potential for various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-capacity, accurate method for measuring cellular traction forces.
  • To create a parallelized platform for screening contractile responses.
  • To address limitations in current drug discovery screening for contractility-related conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier-transform traction force microscopy adapted to a 96-well format (contractile force screening).
  • Fabrication of multiwell plates using compliant polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a Young's modulus of ~0.4 kPa.
  • Spatial subdivision of monolithic PDMS substrates into biochemically independent wells.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated utility in quantifying compound and dose-dependent contractility of human airway smooth muscle and retinal pigment epithelial cells.
  • Successfully measured cellular traction forces using a novel, compliant PDMS-based multiwell platform.
  • Validated the platform's ability to assess airway smooth muscle contractile force, a key endpoint for bronchodilator discovery.

Conclusions:

  • The contractile force screening platform offers a high-throughput solution for measuring cellular contractility.
  • This method fills a critical methodological gap in drug discovery for bronchodilators and other contractility-related pathologies.
  • The platform provides a versatile tool for broad applications in cell biology and disease research.