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Foliage motion under wind, from leaf flutter to branch buffeting.

Loïc Tadrist1,2, Marc Saudreau2, Pascal Hémon3

  • 1Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique, CNRS, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France loic.tadrist@uliege.be.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tree foliage motion is driven by leaf flutter at low winds and branch buffeting at high winds. Leaves reconfigure, bending and overlapping, to limit flutter, impacting wind effects.

Keywords:
fluid–solid interactionfoliageleavesplant biomechanicswind

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Wind-induced foliage motion affects biological processes and physical phenomena.
  • Leaf and branch dynamics are typically studied independently.
  • Understanding foliage motion is crucial for various ecological and physical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the dominant mechanisms of wind-induced foliage motion in a whole tree.
  • To differentiate between leaf-level and branch-level contributions to foliage movement.
  • To explore the role of leaf reconfiguration in modulating wind effects.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of a whole tree in a large-scale wind tunnel.
  • Simultaneous measurements of foliage motion, wind speed, tree drag, and light interception.
  • Quantitative comparison with existing engineering models of leaf and branch dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Foliage motion is dominated by individual leaf flutter at low wind velocities.
  • At higher wind velocities, branch turbulence buffeting becomes the primary driver of motion.
  • Leaf reconfiguration (bending and overlapping) was identified as a mechanism limiting individual leaf flutter.
  • The transition between flutter and buffeting regimes shows distinct wind velocity dependencies.

Conclusions:

  • Foliage motion is governed by two distinct mechanisms: leaf flutter and branch buffeting, with a clear transition at higher wind speeds.
  • Leaf reconfiguration plays a significant role in mitigating individual leaf flutter, influencing overall tree response.
  • These findings enhance our understanding of wind-tree interactions and their broader implications.