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Cell Fragmentation and Permeabilization by a 1 ns Pulse Driven Triple-Point Electrode.

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Ultrashort electric pulses, when combined with microbubbles generated by a triple-point electrode, effectively fragment cells and induce permeabilization. This technique offers precise cell ablation for various applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Ultrashort electric pulses (nanosecond-ps) offer insights into cellular responses to pulsed electric fields.
  • Higher electric field intensities are typically needed for ultrashort pulses compared to longer ones, necessitating high-voltage generators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for delivering high electric fields using ultrashort pulses at lower voltages.
  • To investigate the effects of these pulses on adherent cells, particularly when combined with bubble formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a glass-encapsulated tungsten wire triple-point electrode (TPE) immersed in water to generate 1 ns pulses.
  • Achieved high electric fields (2 MV/cm) near the electrode, inducing bubble emission and temperature rise due to Joule heating.
  • Examined the effects on adherent cells cultured on cover slips.

Main Results:

  • Cells within a <100 μm crater near the electrode were fragmented, likely due to shear forces from bubble collapse.
  • Peripheral cells exhibited permeabilization, attributed to bubble movement, microstreaming, and the pulsed electric fields.
  • Observed significant cellular responses from the combination of ultrashort electric fields and microbubbles.

Conclusions:

  • The triple-point electrode (TPE) facilitates the generation of high electric fields with ultrashort pulses.
  • Microbubble generation assists in cell fragmentation and permeabilization, enhancing the effects of pulsed electric fields.
  • The TPE is a viable tool for precise, submillimeter ablation applications.