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Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

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A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
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Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents01:16

Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents

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Most acid-base titrations are performed in an aqueous medium. In aqueous titrations, water competes with weaker acids or bases for proton donation or acceptance, leading to ambiguous endpoints in the titration curve. Water also affects the partial ionization of weak acids or bases. For example, water accepts a proton from acetic acid to form hydronium and acetate ions. The hydronium ion formed is a stronger acid than acetic acid, and the acetate ion is a stronger base than water. As a result,...
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Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
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Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

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Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
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The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength02:18

The Equilibrium Binding Constant and Binding Strength

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The equilibrium binding constant (Kb) quantifies the strength of a protein-ligand interaction. Kb can be calculated as follows when the reaction is at equilibrium:
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Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

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Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
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Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems

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Counterion binding alters surfactant self-assembly in deep eutectic solvents.

A Sanchez-Fernandez1, O S Hammond, K J Edler

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. a.sanchez.fernandez@bath.ac.uk k.edler@bath.ac.uk.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surfactant micelle formation in deep eutectic solvents is influenced by solvent type and counterions. Researchers found that choline chloride:urea solvents create more elongated micelles compared to choline chloride:glycerol.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) offer tunable properties for micelle formation.
  • Ion-pair interactions in DES influence surfactant headgroup charge density and micelle structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the micellisation of dodecylsulfate surfactants in two DES.
  • Determine the impact of various counterions and DES composition on micelle morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Surface tension measurements to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC).
  • Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to analyze micelle morphology.

Main Results:

  • A clear dependence of CMC on both solvent composition and surfactant counterion was observed.
  • Micelle elongation varied significantly between choline chloride:urea and choline chloride:glycerol solvents.
  • Counterion binding affinity in DES showed similarities to aqueous solutions, affecting micelle shape.

Conclusions:

  • Deep eutectic solvents provide a versatile medium for controlling surfactant micelle morphology.
  • Both solvent properties and counterion identity are critical factors in dictating micelle shape and formation in DES.