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[Impact of thyroid diseases on bone].

E Tsourdi1,2, F Lademann1,2, H Siggelkow3,4

  • 1Bereich Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Knochenerkrankungen, Medizinische Klinik III, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.

Der Internist
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormones critically impact bone health throughout life. Maintaining a euthyroid state is essential for proper skeletal development in children and bone homeostasis in adults, preventing fractures.

Keywords:
Bone diseases, metabolicHyperthyroidismHypothyroidismOsteoporosisRisk, fractures, bone

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones regulate skeletal development and adult bone homeostasis.
  • Thyroid diseases are linked to an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the role of thyroid hormones in skeletal health.
  • To review the impact of thyroid dysfunction on bone metabolism and fracture risk.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on thyroid hormones and bone health.
  • Analysis of the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on skeletal maturation, bone turnover, and fracture risk.

Main Results:

  • In children, hypothyroidism impairs skeletal maturation, while hyperthyroidism can lead to premature growth plate fusion.
  • In adults, hyperthyroidism increases bone turnover and fracture risk, while hypothyroidism is associated with low bone turnover.
  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism also negatively impacts bone mineral density and increases fracture risk.

Conclusions:

  • A euthyroid state is crucial for bone accrual in childhood and bone maintenance in adulthood.
  • Restoring euthyroid status in hyperthyroid patients generally reverses bone loss.
  • Bone health management in thyroid disease may require specific interventions, such as antiresorptive therapy in certain cases.