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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
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Spontaneous Chemical Reactions
Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Progressive-ratio Responding for Palatable High-fat and High-sugar Food in Mice
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Research Progress on Brucellosis.

Yuming Deng1, Xinyue Liu1, Kaifang Duan1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.

Current Medicinal Chemistry
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brucellosis, a widespread zoonotic disease caused by Brucella bacteria, affects over 500,000 people annually. Current vaccines have limitations, highlighting the need for improved, safe, and effective Brucella vaccines and rapid diagnostics.

Keywords:
Brucellabrucellosisfebrile illnessgenuspathogentreatmentzoonosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Brucellosis is a significant global zoonotic disease caused by intracellular Brucella bacteria, with over 500,000 human cases annually.
  • Four of the ten Brucella species are pathogenic to humans, with Brucella melitensis being the most virulent.
  • Brucellosis infection mechanisms are complex, relying heavily on bacterial virulence factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of current Brucellosis vaccines, including inadequate protection and safety concerns.
  • To emphasize the ongoing need for the development of safe and effective vaccines against Brucellosis.
  • To highlight the importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic methods for effective dual antibacterial therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Brucellosis pathogenesis and virulence factors.
  • Analysis of current vaccination strategies and their limitations.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods for Brucellosis detection.

Main Results:

  • Current Brucellosis vaccines exhibit lower protective levels and safety issues.
  • Brucella infection relies on complex virulence factors.
  • Effective dual antibacterial therapy for Brucellosis requires rapid and exact detection methods.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for novel, safe, and highly effective vaccines for Brucellosis.
  • Advancements in rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are essential for optimizing Brucellosis treatment.
  • Further research into Brucella virulence factors may inform vaccine development.