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[Changes in Hepatitis A epidemiological pattern in Andalucía: 2007-2017].

Rocío Lorenzo Ortega1,2,3, Blanca O Donnell Cortés1,4, Rocío Ortiz González Serna2,5

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Hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks in Andalusia disproportionately affected men who have sex with men (MSM), indicating a need for targeted vaccination strategies to control disease transmission.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHepatitis AHepatitis A vaccineOutbreaksPublic healthSexual behaviorSpain

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sexual transmission of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is recognized, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM).
  • Recent HAV outbreaks have been observed in MSM populations within the European Union.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiology of HAV in Andalusia from 2007 to 2017.
  • To analyze HAV outbreaks specifically within the MSM population during this period.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective descriptive study utilizing the Andalusia Epidemiological Surveillance System (2007-2017).
  • Calculation of annual incidence rates per 100,000 population, stratified by sex.
  • Analysis of case distribution by gender and age, using the male-female ratio as an indirect indicator for MSM.

Main Results:

  • The mean annual HAV incidence rate was 4.09 cases per 100,000, with higher rates in men (4.7) than women (2.53).
  • Two significant HAV outbreaks occurred: 2008-2009 and 2016-2017.
  • These outbreaks primarily affected young MSM engaging in sexual risk behaviors, diverging from the traditional disease pattern.

Conclusions:

  • Men who have sex with men (MSM) are central to recent HAV outbreaks in Andalusia.
  • Current disease control strategies require re-evaluation.
  • Systematic vaccination for HAV should be considered for effective disease management.