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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Structure02:40

Chromosome Structure

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A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
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Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

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In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
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Polytene Chromosomes02:04

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
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Chromosomal microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis.

Yingjun Xie, Xiaofang Sun

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    Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a powerful tool for detecting copy number variations (CNVs) that cause genetic disorders. This review covers CMA

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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Developmental Biology
    • Medical Diagnostics

    Background:

    • Genome copy number variation (CNV) is a significant factor in genetic and developmental disorders.
    • Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has emerged as a high-diagnostic-ability technology for detecting CNVs.
    • CMA is increasingly utilized in prenatal diagnostics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize the establishment of CMA in clinical settings.
    • To highlight the significance and clinical applications of standard CMA analyses.
    • To discuss challenges in implementing CMA platforms for prenatal diagnostics.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of established chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) protocols.
    • Analysis of clinical data and diagnostic outcomes from CMA.
    • Discussion of implementation challenges for CMA in prenatal settings.

    Main Results:

    • CMA offers high diagnostic ability for detecting CNVs in prenatal settings.
    • Established CMA platforms are effective in clinical practice.
    • Key challenges exist in the clinical establishment of CMA for prenatal diagnostics.

    Conclusions:

    • CMA is a valuable technology for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders caused by CNVs.
    • Standardized CMA analyses are significant in clinical settings.
    • Addressing implementation challenges is crucial for widespread clinical adoption of CMA in prenatal diagnostics.