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Structural brain abnormalities in Cushing's syndrome.

Stephanie E E C Bauduin1,2, Nic J A van der Wee1,2, Steven J A van der Werff1,2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center.

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cushing's disease and syndrome cause brain structure changes, including reduced hippocampus and prefrontal cortex volume. Some changes may reverse, but others persist, impacting cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cushing's disease and syndrome present with diverse neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms.
  • These symptoms suggest central nervous system involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structural brain abnormalities in Cushing's disease and syndrome.
  • To correlate these abnormalities with behavioral and cognitive symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on gray matter and white matter changes in Cushing's syndrome.
  • Analysis of recent findings on localization and biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Active Cushing's disease/syndrome linked to reduced hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (ACC, MFG) gray matter volume.

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  • Hippocampal volume reductions show partial reversibility; ACC/MFG changes are more persistent.
  • White matter connectivity changes are widespread.

    • Conclusions:

    • Structural brain abnormalities are a key feature of Cushing's disease and syndrome.
    • Understanding these changes is crucial for managing neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms.