Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:30

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

1.1K
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, also known as CRRT, is a procedural treatment for acute kidney injury (AKI) that gradually removes uremic toxins and fluids while maintaining acid-base balance and stabilizing electrolytes. It is particularly useful for hemodynamically unstable patients. Unlike intermittent hemodialysis, which is faster, CRRT provides a gentler approach over 24 hours, closely mimicking the function of natural kidneys. However, CRRT is not ideal for patients with...
1.1K
Decreasing Function01:27

Decreasing Function

309
A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
309
Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

873
Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
Cut-off Mode ("Off" State): In this state, both the emitter-base and collector-base junctions are...
873
Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy01:26

Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs: Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

232
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is an essential intervention for patients experiencing severe kidney dysfunction. This therapy offers a continuous mechanism for removing fluids and toxins from the bloodstream, leveraging the patient’s blood pressure to facilitate filtration through a specialized filter. This method contrasts with intermittent dialysis, providing a gentler and more consistent removal of waste products and excess fluid, which is particularly beneficial in...
232
Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

1.1K
A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
1.1K
Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

918
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
918

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Microglial reactivity and nodule formation are associated with Synaptodendritic damage in the brains of people with HIV-1.

Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Stewardship of Molecular Diagnostics in Transplant Viral Infections.

Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society·2025
Same author

Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy for Breastfeeding Women With HIV Experiencing Barriers to Adherence in Zimbabwe: Modeling Clinical Impact and Cost-effectiveness.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Epigenetic Aging and Treatment Response to Semaglutide in the SLIM LIVER Study.

Research square·2025
Same author

How HIV research drives health innovation in multiple diseases.

Nature medicine·2025
Same author

Impact of Intestinal Parasitic Infections on Gut Epithelial Barrier and Inflammation among Foreign-Born Persons Living with HIV.

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

13.7K

Adiponectin and the steatosis marker Chi3L1 decrease following switch to raltegravir compared to continued

Obiageli Offor1, Netanya Utay2, David Reynoso3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center Houston, Texas, United States of America.

Plos One
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Switching HIV patients from older antiretroviral therapies to raltegravir (RAL) reduced key metabolic and liver disease biomarkers. This suggests potential benefits for metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease in people with HIV on ART.

More Related Videos

Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis
08:58

Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis

Published on: March 11, 2017

17.0K
Development of an Innovative LED-based Illumination Device for In Vitro Application of Photodynamic Therapy with Rose Bengal
07:24

Development of an Innovative LED-based Illumination Device for In Vitro Application of Photodynamic Therapy with Rose Bengal

Published on: September 12, 2025

530

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

13.7K
Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis
08:58

Optimized Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Hepatic Steatosis

Published on: March 11, 2017

17.0K
Development of an Innovative LED-based Illumination Device for In Vitro Application of Photodynamic Therapy with Rose Bengal
07:24

Development of an Innovative LED-based Illumination Device for In Vitro Application of Photodynamic Therapy with Rose Bengal

Published on: September 12, 2025

530

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • People with HIV (HIV) are at increased risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and fatty liver disease.
  • The role of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in these comorbidities is not fully understood.
  • Specific biomarkers like adiponectin, sST2, and Chi3L1 are associated with MetS and fatty liver disease in HIV-uninfected populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of switching from Protease Inhibitor (PI) or Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI)-based ART to raltegravir (RAL) on metabolic and liver disease biomarkers in women with HIV.
  • To assess changes in adiponectin, sST2, Chi3L1, and other biomarkers after switching ART regimens.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective trial involving HIV-infected women with central adiposity on PI- or NNRTI-based ART.
  • Participants were randomized to continue their current ART or switch to a RAL-based regimen.
  • Plasma biomarker concentrations were measured at baseline and 24 weeks using ELISA and Multiplex assays.

Main Results:

  • A significant decrease in adiponectin and Chi3L1 levels was observed in women who switched to RAL compared to those who continued PI/NNRTI.
  • Changes in sST2 levels correlated with changes in Chi3L1 and adiponectin.
  • Higher baseline adiponectin levels correlated with higher Chi3L1 levels.

Conclusions:

  • Switching to RAL in women with HIV and central obesity led to decreases in the hepatic steatosis/fibrosis marker Chi3L1 and adiponectin, along with sST2.
  • Further research is needed to determine if switching to RAL can improve hepatic steatosis and dysmetabolism in this population.