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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

The Three-Chamber Choice Behavioral Task using Zebrafish as a Model System
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Modular auditory decision-making behavioral task designed for intraoperative use in humans.

Anand Tekriwal1, Gidon Felsen2, John A Thompson3

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.

Journal of Neuroscience Methods
|May 11, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed an inexpensive, modular system for intraoperative cognitive experiments during neurosurgery. This system enables real-time behavioral testing and neural data acquisition in awake patients.

Keywords:
ArduinoBehavioral paradigmIntraoperativeMatlabPsychToolbox

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Neurosurgical procedures like deep brain stimulation (DBS) offer unique opportunities for intraoperative research.
  • Conducting cognitive or behavioral experiments during surgery requires careful consideration of the operative environment, including stimulus presentation and time constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a modular, inexpensive system for intraoperative behavioral experiments.
  • To overcome challenges associated with conducting experiments in an operating room setting.
  • To enable the study of neural correlates of human behavior during invasive procedures.

Main Methods:

  • An auditory two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task was developed for intraoperative use.
  • Behavioral responses were collected using an Arduino-based joystick with a 3-axis accelerometer and two buttons, sampling at 2 kHz.
  • Designs for task code, 3D printed components, and Arduino pin-out diagrams are provided.

Main Results:

  • The system's feasibility was demonstrated both in and out of the operating room.
  • Three healthy controls and two Parkinson's disease patients undergoing DBS implantation successfully used the system.
  • Psychometric analysis confirmed accurate task performance, with subjects detecting, interpreting, and responding to stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The described experimental setup allows for the adaptation of clinical neural recording systems for intraoperative behavioral testing at low cost.
  • This system facilitates intraoperative awake and behaving electrophysiologic studies in humans for clinicians and researchers.