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Updated: Feb 10, 2026
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Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
Published on: May 8, 2015
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Linking Infrared Spectra of Laboratory Iron Gall Inks Based on Traditional Recipes with their Material Components
Agathi-Anthoula Kaminari1, Stamatis C Boyatzis1, Athina Alexopoulou1,2
11 Department for Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece.
Applied Spectroscopy
|May 12, 2018
Summary
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy successfully differentiates iron gall inks by analyzing their unique spectral fingerprints. This method aids in identifying ink composition and historical formulations.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Art Conservation Science
- Historical Document Analysis
Background:
- Iron gall inks are historically significant but challenging to differentiate.
- Understanding ink composition is crucial for art conservation and historical research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discriminate between various iron gall ink formulations using infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
- To correlate IR spectra with ink ingredients and preparation methods.
Main Methods:
- Preparation of laboratory iron gall inks based on 19th-century recipes.
- Analysis of liquid and dried ink samples using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.
- Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) for spectral discrimination.
Main Results:
- IR spectroscopy effectively identified key ingredients in iron gall inks.
- Both liquid and dried ink spectra provided sufficient discriminatory information.
- Specific IR peaks were linked to additives like vinegar, alum, and glycerol, and preparation methods like gall boiling.
Conclusions:
- FT-IR spectroscopy is a viable method for discriminating iron gall inks.
- Spectral analysis aids in identifying historical ink formulations and their components.
- This technique supports art conservation and historical document authentication.
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