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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Infant-juvenile type 2 diabetes.

M L Calero Bernal1, J M Varela Aguilar2

  • 1Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Juan de Dios del Aljarafe, Bormujos, Sevilla, España; Grupo de trabajo de Diabetes y Obesidad de SEMI, España.

Revista Clinica Espanola
|May 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is rising with obesity. Early detection and management in at-risk youth are crucial to prevent long-term complications, as pediatric DM2 requires lifelong care.

Keywords:
AdolescenceAdolescenciaChildhoodComorbiditiesComorbilidadesDiabetes mellitus tipo 2InfanciaObesidadObesityTratamientoTreatmentType 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide.
  • Parallel rise in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) cases among children and adolescents.
  • Insulin resistance as a key factor in pediatric DM2 development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing concern of type 2 diabetes mellitus in pediatric populations.
  • To emphasize the need for targeted screening in at-risk children.
  • To underscore the importance of managing comorbidities and long-term complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent trends in childhood type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • Analysis of the link between obesity and insulin resistance in youth.
  • Assessment of comorbidities associated with pediatric DM2 diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases in children and adolescents.
  • Obesity identified as a primary risk factor for pediatric DM2.
  • Comorbidities like hypertension and dyslipidemia are common in diagnosed children.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight or obese children is recommended.
  • Comprehensive assessment and management of comorbidities are essential for preventing long-term complications.
  • Pediatric-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus necessitates lifelong management due to its prolonged duration.