Common and Rare Coding Genetic Variation Underlying the Electrocardiographic PR Interval

Honghuang Lin¹, Jessica van Setten², Albert V Smith²+98

• ¹Section of Computational Biomedicine (H.L.) and Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (E.J.B.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, MA (H.L., E.J.B.). Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands (J.v.S., F.W.A.). Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (A.V.S., V.G.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (A.V.S., V.G.). Predoctoral Training Program in Human Genetics, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (N.A.B.) and McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine (D.E.A.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. William Harvey Research Institute (H.R.W., P.B.M.) and NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Research Unit (H.R.W., P.B.M.), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine (J.A.B., J.C.B., C.M.S.), Department of Biostatistics (K.M.R.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology (N.S.), Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services (B.M.P.), and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology (S.R.H.), University of Washington, Seattle. Center for Human Genetic Research (F. Radmanesh, J.R.) and Cardiovascular Research Center (P.L.H., L.-C.W., H.S.J., W.H., A.H., N.R.T., P.T.E., S.A.L.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (L.-C.W., P.T.E., S.A.L.). Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (L.H., C.P.N., N.J.S.). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.G., J.B.-J., O. Pedersen, T.H.), Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (J.K.K.), and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian's University Munich, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., S.K.). Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany (K.S.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site: Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.M.-N., M.F.S., A.P., T.M., S.K.). Institute of Genetic Epidemiology (M.M.-N., K.S.), Institute of Epidemiology II (A.P., M.W.), Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology (M.W.), and Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine (T.B., J.M., C.H.) and Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics (I.R.), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, The Netherlands (N.V., R.A.d.B., P.v.d.M., P.v.d.H.). Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (H.J.L., Y.-D.I.C., J.Y., X.G., K.D.T., J.I.R.). Department of Clinical Epidemiology (R.L.-G., D.O.M.-K.) and Department of Cardiology (S.T., J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. Department of Medical Informatics (M.E.v.d.B.), Human Genomics Facility (F. Rivadeneira), Human Genotyping Facility (A.U.), and Department of Epidemiology (M.E., B.H. Stricker), Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Germany (S.W., G.H., U.V.). DZHK (German Cardiovascular Research Centre), Partner Site Greifswald, Germany (S.W., H.V., S.B.F., U.V., M.D.). Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (J.H., C.K.). Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (L.-P.L., T.L.) and Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences (M.K.), University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Data Science (H.M.) and Physiology and Biophysics (J.G.W.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (T.B.H., L.J.L.). Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.L.). Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (A.A.). Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center (EPICARE), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC (E.Z.S.). Medical Research Institute (J.M.C.) and Division of Population Health Sciences (B.H. Smith), Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, United Kingdom. Department of Medical Informatics (J.A.K.) and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology (C.M.v.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. TCM Clinical Basis Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China (Z.X., C.W.). Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA (J.W.M.). German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany (A.P.). Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Germany (T.M.). Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen (A.L.). Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.L.). British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Scotland (S.P.). Institute for Community Medicine (H.V.) and Department of Internal Medicine B (S.B.F., M.D.), University Medicine Greifswald, Germany. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, United Kingdom (M.M., T.D.S.). Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands (M.L.B.). Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.P.). Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, and Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland (O.T.R.). Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Washington, Seattle (B.M.P., S.R.H.). Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Croatia (O. Polasek). Cardiogenetics Lab, Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, United Kingdom (B.P.P., Y.J.). Durrer Center for Cardiovascular Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands (F.W.A.). Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (F.W.A.). Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio) and Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (A.I.). hhlin@bu.edu slubitz@mgh.harvard.edu.+1