Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026
08:11
Failure Analysis of Batteries Using Synchrotron-based Hard X-ray Microtomography
Published on: August 26, 2015
9.3K
Isolated terawatt attosecond hard X-ray pulse generated from single current spike
Chi Hyun Shim1,2, Yong Woon Parc3, Sandeep Kumar4
1Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
Scientific Reports
|May 12, 2018
Summary
Generating terawatt attosecond hard X-ray pulses is now possible using a single current spike in electron bunches. This breakthrough enables high-resolution four-dimensional studies of natural phenomena.
Area of Science:
- Physics
- X-ray Science
- Accelerator Physics
Background:
- High-power, ultrashort hard X-ray pulses are crucial for advanced scientific research.
- Current methods for generating these pulses are complex and often require specialized equipment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the feasibility of producing terawatt (TW) attosecond (as) hard X-ray pulses using a single current spike.
- To explore the conditions necessary for generating such pulses without optical or electron delay units.
Main Methods:
- Simulations were performed to model the generation of X-ray pulses from electron bunches.
- Realistic parameters from the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) were utilized.
- The influence of current spike characteristics and modulation laser parameters was analyzed.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated the potential to produce isolated TW-level attosecond hard X-ray pulses.
- Achieved a >1.0 TW and ~36 as X-ray pulse at 12.4 keV using optimized parameters.
- Confirmed the feasibility with simulations based on PAL-XFEL specifications.
Conclusions:
- A single current spike in an electron bunch can generate isolated TW attosecond hard X-ray pulses.
- This method offers a simplified approach to producing advanced X-ray sources.
- Paves the way for 'attosecond XFEL' capabilities in current facilities.
Related Concept Videos
02:18X-ray Crystallography
26.3K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
26.3K
01:16Pulse
2.2K
When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
The pulse serves as a clinical...
2.2K
01:05Pulse
4.2K
The pulse is one of the most fundamental physiological indicators of the body's cardiovascular health. It is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the arterial walls in response to the pressure generated by the heart's pumping action.
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
Pulse Rate and its Significance
Pulse rate, often measured in beats per minute (bpm), reflects the heart rate (HR), which is influenced by numerous factors such as stress, physical activity, and hormonal changes. A normal resting adult pulse rate falls...
4.2K
01:22Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate
635
Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
635
01:17NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences
1.8K
A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
1.8K
01:24Pulse Oximetry
1.4K
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
1.4K